Apostille Translation

REPUBLIC OF PANAMA ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL OF PANAMA BIRTH CERTIFICATE The National Civil Registry CERTIFIES Volume number that ****000**** Registration of births PANAMA Province in ***0000**** Item number is registered the birth: *****John Doe*****, No. Insc / Schedule: 0-000-000 Male, born on April ten thousand eight, in the Township of Calidonia, district PANAMA, PANAMA Province. Son of John Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Jane Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Issued in the Province PANAMA, May twenty nine of two thousand eleven. Seal/Stampl: Republic of Panama, Electoral Tribunal of Panama Republic of Panama Electoral Tribunal The National Civil Registry certifies that the foregoing signature corresponding to Ivan Noel Guerra B. , Deputy National Civil Registry of Panama, on the date of this document is authentic. Panama, thirty (30) May two thousand and eleven (2011). Illegible signature Brigido Poveda Samaniego National Secretary of the Civil Registry   Apostille (Hague Convention of October 5, 1961) 1. In Panama, 2. It was signed by BRIGIDO POVEDA S. 3. Who acts as the National Civil Registry: NATIONAL SECRETARY 4. And it is coated seal / stamp: ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL Certified 5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6. On: 30/05/2011 7. By: Department of Authentication and Legalization 8. Under number: 9. Seal / Stamp: 10. Signature of Officer Dorinda del Carmen Cortizo de Zanetti, Deputy Head of authentication, Ministry of Foreign Affairs REPUBLIC OF PANAMA ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL OF PANAMA BIRTH CERTIFICATE The National Civil Registry CERTIFIES Volume number that ****000**** Registration of births PANAMA Province in ***0000**** Item number is registered the birth: *****Jane Doe*****, No. Insc / Schedule: 0-000-000 Female, blood type O+, born on September twenty of two thousand and eleven, in the Township of San Francisco, district PANAMA, PANAMA Province. Son of John Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Jane Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Issued in the Province PANAMA, May twenty nine of two thousand eleven. Seal/Stamp: Republic of Panama, Electoral Tribunal of Panama Republic of Panama Electoral Tribunal The National Civil Registry certifies that the foregoing signature corresponding to Ivan Noel Guerra B. , Deputy National Civil Registry of Panama, on the date of this document is authentic. Panama, thirty (30) May two thousand and eleven (2011). Illegible signature Brigido Poveda Samaniego National Secretary of the Civil Registry ************************************************************************************************* Apostille (Hague Convention of October 5, 1961) 1. In Panama, 2. It was signed by Brig POVEDA S. 3. Who acts as the National Civil Registry SECRETARY 4. And it is coated seal / stamp: ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL Certified 5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6. On 30/05/2011 7. By: Department of Authentication and Legalization 8. Under number: 9. Seal / Stamp:

Great Corn Laws Debate

Given their numerous wars with France, Protectionists also argued that Great Britain had some public debt that would need o be repaid and this would be done primarily through taxing the farm land. Since the landowners taxes would be going up the stabilized commodity prices were thought to help offset their increased taxation. The last argument and most important according to the protectionists is in regard to national security. If there was no Corn Law, then Great Britain might become dependent on foreigners or enemies for their food supplies in the event they cannot produce enough for their own demand.The protectionists warn that trading partners can cut off supply at any given time and it is necessary to be independent when it comes to the food supply. The free-trade crowd had a differing opinion from the protectionists. Represented mainly by the manufacturing owners and eventually the laborers, they argued that artificial corn prices drove up prices everywhere else In the economy. Bread cost more to buy and food was the main expense of the labor class. Along with food rising so did the labor costs across various sectors such as manufacturing which In turn made them more expensive compared to their competition In other countries.The free-trade crowd also noted that protected agricultural price laws were driving p demand for the land which normally wouldn't be used In agricultural production. This Is seen as a competitive disadvantage because It would take away manufacturing opportunities which may help Great Britain globally. Great Britain lawmakers concede there will be dependence on foreign countries for a food supply and the free-trade crowd points out the fact Great Britain Is wasting resources on developing commercial land for farming.The free-trade crowd also makes the argument that national security would not be In Jeopardy because trade partners would be dependent on the manufactured goods Great Brutal supplies and that loud give them leverage to rema in viable trading partners. Given the arguments above It Is pretty clear that Robert Peel had a big decision to make. On one hand, Britain was the world's leading economic power and had attained this by being a protectionist's economy but at the same time these polices were harming the labor class through higher priced goods, higher rents along with lower or no wages.Something had to be done to reverse this and there was growing opposition to the Corn Laws by the day. A political action group called the â€Å"League† was formed and supported the free-trade agenda along with becoming a voice for he labor class. Through the League, more and more power was able to shift away from the landowners and Into the manufacturing owners along with the laborers. The League needed support from the labor class and they pretty much won them rising pressure from the citizens. By repealing these Corn-Laws many in power might have seen Peel as a radical for doing this but will eventually come a round and praise him.I didn't see any mention of Peel being a farmland or manufacturing owner so he literally had no hidden agenda other than do what was best for Britain. By participating in free-trade instead of protectionism, Britain could reallocate sources effectively as mentioned by Adam Smith's assertion of â€Å"if a foreign country can supply us with a commodity cheaper than we ourselves can make it, better buy it off them with some part of the produce of our own industry, employed in a way which we have some advantage†. The Adam Smith quote to me pretty much tells the story.Since Britain is perceived strongly as a manufacturer then it is more prudent to be known for manufacturing and not for protecting grain trade. Through free-trade, Britain should be able to acquire the additional food for the citizens by importing from trading partners. There are implications for these actions but in the end the market always seems to prevail. Short term implications for Peels de cisions could leave the agricultural industry itself in shock initially given they are now competing globally and there won't be a fixed price for commodities.This would bring down food costs for the citizens but may also cause some of the farms to cut Jobs because of protected crop prices that are significantly higher than the US prices in the appendices. The farming industry in this time period more than likely looked like the 2008 financial crisis in the housing market in the short term. Rent for farmland couldn't be paid because of crop supply and demand being out of control due to Mother Nature yet the pricing structures for rent and crop pricing didn't really account for this.This short-term farming depression might have spread into the other sectors initially but over time I see the markets coming in to balance things out. Once the government is out of the way in terms of regulating the market, the invisible hand is able to work. Long term, land that is not suitable for farmi ng is now used for manufacturing in Britain which in turn leads to more Jobs being created. Competition for agricultural commodities brings down food prices for the labor crowd which then puts money back into the economy.Long term trends would also show trading partnerships develop across allied countries provided they work out appropriate trade arrangements and trade with each other based on their own comparative strengths. I would also note in the long term, more power is shifted between the landowners to the labor class giving them a voice in the long run. Part of this whole debate in my eyes comes down too power grab. Atone point, protectionism made sense for Britain but later on it Just ere out of control.The manufacturers eventually saw the light and conceited on protectionism but the agricultural sector did not. The power seemed to blind the landowners and mask what was going on. Prices across the board were rising on everything except the agricultural commodities and the lab orers were getting tired. The laborers eventually received a voice by Joining forces with the â€Å"League† and helped move Britain towards free-trade in my opinion. I believe Robert Peel saw this momentum along with the destruction the protectionism caused by stifling competition and had to act by repealing the Corn Law.

Philosophy As The Origin Of Every Sort Of Knowledge Term Paper

Philosophy As The Origin Of Every Sort Of Knowledge - Term Paper Example Philosophy is the origin of every sort of knowledge even though we have different streams of knowledge at present like, arts, sciences, mathematics etc. In order to give respect to philosophy, even now a doctoral student gets the degree of doctor of philosophy even if he has completed his doctoral studies in other subjects like physics, chemistry or history. Earlier, it was the philosophers who interpreted various things happening around them to the world. For example, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes were some of the prominent philosophers of ancient time who succeeded in educating the people about the various natural and unnatural things happening around them. This paper tries to answer questions like; Is philosophy practical? Can we ever really know anything? Is there ultimately objectivity to ethics? Is happiness really possible in our world? Is there, after all a god? What is the good life? etc. Many people feel philosophy is remote from human life because it deals with lon g time spans, immense areas of space, and matters which cannot always be perceived by the senses. A philosophy which meets the needs of men will both reflect the structure of nature accurately and apply to man's everyday experience. In order for such ideas to be helpful practically, they must descend from the realms of theoretical debate to become an intimate part of the person himself. They must be absorbed into the whole person rather than being, like a fact about the migration of birds, stored away in some corner of the brain (Is philosophy practical?)... Philosophy is all about asking questions and finding answers. It is difficult to get 100% correct answers to all the questions asked. Questions which get 100% correct or absolute answers can be put under the label of practical philosophy. For example, we know currently that earth is rotating around the sun and that is why day and night occurs. In other words rotation of earth is proved beyond doubt and hence we can put it under the practical philosophy label. However, we do not know what happens to our soul after our death. Religions have different teachings about the future of soul based on certain beliefs. It is difficult to put this topic under practical philosophy label. In short, philosophy can sometimes practical and sometimes impractical. Can we ever really know anything? What we know about this universe is much lesser than what we do not know about this world. Even scientific principles are undergoing changes at time passes. For example, earlier we assumed that sun is moving while earth remains stationary, later we concluded that the earth is moving and the sun remains stationery. According to the latest scientific principles, both earth and the sun are moving and we do not feel the movement of sun because of the huge size of sun compared to earth. Same way earlier, we thought that electricity is the flow of protons and we represent the direction electricity from anode to cathode or from positive terminal to the negative terminal. Later we realize that electricity is nothing but flow electrons and it is impossible for electrons to flow from anode to cathode. In short, scientific principles are undergoing changes periodically and it is foolishness to assume that we know something about

The Great Recession 2008 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Great Recession 2008 - Term Paper Example According to the research findings the 2007 global financial crisis has had serious impacts on the economies of many countries, resulting to what economists call the Great Recession. The downturn began initially as an isolated problem with the sub-prime sector in the US housing market, mutating to a serious and fatal recession by the beginning of 2008. Consequently, other nations especially in the European Union followed the US into the crisis by mid-2008. In essence, 2009 was the first recorded year in history that the global economy was actually in recession since the Second World War. Interestingly, the recession came as a surprise to many economists, investor, academics, policy-makers, and multilateral agencies. For instance, Organization for Economic Co-operation Development’s Jean-Philippe Cotis was quoted as speculating further growth in the global economy because of the buoyancy of emerging economies and favoring financial conditions. After the economy drove into reces sion, the economics profession was under fire for failure to predict the financial downturn. As a result, there were few intellectual conversations taking place between scholars of like minds. Therefore, the underestimation of the severity of the global downturn was not surprising. Indeed, some leading financial forecasters like World Bank and International Monetary Funds revised their initial to their growth forecasts in 2008 and 2009. Nonetheless, there were warnings from a few economists of a brewing economical disaster. A portion of the economist predicted a looming recession based on economic models where the accumulation of the private sector was the central cause. However, their cries were not significant enough for the majority of the lulled individuals. Despite all these, the warning signs were blinking red: loose monetary policy especially in the US, lax in financial regulation, misperception of risk and search for yield, and huge current deficits in UK, US, and other supe r economies that accumulated huge savings of oil exporters and emerging economies. Events of 2008, with emphasis on the collapse and consequent closure of Lehman Brother, reversed the perceptions of risk-taking banks (Clungston, 2008). However, the complexity and nature mortgage-backed securities left most banks in the dark concerning the exact level of liabilities that was linked to the severing housing sector in the US. Thus, liquidity of most banks dried up, literary bringing the global financial system to a halt. Some critiques were quick to question the survival of the American-style capitalism. Governments in developing and advanced countries were quick to react aggressively, injecting obscene credit amounts into their financial markets, reducing interest rates, nationalizing banks, and unveiling stimulus packages to increase discretionary spending. Most policymakers were determined to avoid mistakes from previous crises, and their response was important avoiding disastrous de pression in most countries,

Mathematical model of bone remodeling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mathematical model of bone remodeling - Essay Example In the humans’ body, some auto-crine and paracrine parameters ruled the bone reconstruction process for the bone’s good. For the regulation of the cell types,according to the theory that whether the cell has the nuclear envelope, which is the boundary of the nucleus, the cell can be divided into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Manolagas et al 1995, page 34). It’s noted that, the prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic can be separated like that. First, it’s the pro-karyotic cells where the cells are smaller, no nuclear envelope, without nucleolus, without form-ing the nucleus; secondly, the eukaryotic cells where the cells are larger, and it have the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, a true nucleus; thirdly, the prokaryotes, which is comprised by prokaryotic cells constitute biological. Fourthly, the eukaryotes, which is from eukaryotic cells constitute biological. Bifurcations math’s theory According to Manologas (1995) bifurcations studies the characteristics of the bifurca-tion fact and its mechanism of the math theory. Bifurcation fact is a math fact which has all kinds of performance in nature. One parameter of the system is the continuity changing to a critical value, and the system’s global state.For instance, the qualitative properties of topological properties, will change suddenly for some full determination of the nonlinear system. This critical value is called the parameter, the bifurcation value or branch value. The reason why the researchers find this intriguing is that their cause is not in a bifurcation but in a change of the inactive-state concentrations in some bones with complications such as their not being firm. (Manolagas, 1995, pages 67). The systems theory has many strong tools to check and analyze the bifurcations. Researchers found a lot of math models for the regulation of bone reconstruction for the bifurcation properties in the presen t practice. These kinds of tools could be used for understanding the reasons for some kind of complications if it is found they have some relationship with it. Hence, the common models can give a broad prospect of the dynamics of the system, and it offers convenience to the specific models. More significantly, the analysis of the common model discovers dynamical instabilities that are very much related to pathologies of bone reconstruction. In summary, they used the common modeling ways and it permits analyzing models in which the kinetics is not constrained to the specific math functions. The assumption being put forward in the present time produces and extends to the 3D models are quiet if that assumption doesn’t exist; we are shown that it is in two-parameter models with the proposed structure, where the firmness of the inactive state demands that the actions of OPG control over those of RANKL.Those results show that osteoblast precursors have a significant effect on the d ynamics and it ought to be taken into consideration in models. For human kind, the bone reconstruction process is influenced by some different parameters to maintain the bone balance. When the balance is broken, it may result into some different kinds of bone complications , for instance osteoporosis and Paget’s sickness of bone(Di Bernard, Feigin, Hogan & Homer,1999, page 1890). Paget’s sickness is common in the nipples of the elderly females and the surrounding skin, malignant tumors,

Secondary sources analysis paper(not decide topic yet) Essay

Secondary sources analysis paper(not decide topic yet) - Essay Example The book demonstrates how the traces of this world remain topical and tangible up to date.2 The book has been written using a provocative, persuasive, and innovative history work to support its thesis. This study is going to construct a relationship between Jasanoff’s main argument of ‘collecting’ as a way of encountering East and West and post colonialism, which is one of the theme discussed in class. The book has called into the question of postcolonial evaluation by adopting a stereotypical view of Europeans in their relationship with Asians and Africans. Jasanoff goes further to argue against extremes of postcolonial scholarships. For instance, Jasanoff explains, â€Å"the imperial project was not a simple play out but the history of collecting reveals the complexities of empire; it shows how power and culture intersected in tangled, contingent, sometimes self-contradictory ways. Instead of seeing â€Å"collecting† as a manifestation of imperial power, I see the British Empire itself as a kind of collection: pieced together and gaining definition over time, shaped by a range of circumstances, accidents, and intentions. (p. 23).3 Jasanoff has demonst rated how every generation concerning itself with British Empire history has sought to reassess it based on the dynamic attitudes and circumstances. Today, emphasis is laid on ‘otherness’ and fusion as well border multiculturalism to favor a benign recollection of the past according to Jasanoff. Jasanoff stumbled a new look of the empire be accident. She was studying European collectors in India and Egypt who bought or plundered the artifacts of the ancient cultures that they came across and transported them to Europe.4 In the course of her esoteric study, she realized the ill-tutored mania of the imperial collectors as a metaphor that led to the formation of the Empire. This encompassed the haphazard acquisition of territories that founded the lineaments of a

Improving the Human Conditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Improving the Human Conditions - Essay Example Any program designed for AIDS prevention must consider the stigma associated with the disease and with homosexuality. The World Health Organization intended to provide simple local access to those needing treatment by providing clinics in areas of high leprosy incidence. However, without prior investigation, they could not know that, because of the social stigma, utilization of clinical facilities was not a matter of simple distance or lack of transportation (Campbell, 2003). The virus usually enters the host in fluids (blood or semen) or within infected cells. The persistent infection that results remains intact in spite of an immune response whose products coexist with the virus. All the experiences with smallpox, yellow fever, measles, and poliomyelitis vaccines have focused on using an attenuated virus that could replicate in the host initially, would not harm the host, yet would provide enough stimulus for the host's immune system to combat and clear the viral infection. This experience has been useless for HIV. For reasons that are not yet clear but may reflect the victim's high level of viral load and unique properties of the virus, both the humoral (antibody) and cellular (CTL) arms of the immune system respond vigorously to HIV throughout the course of infection, yet some of the viruses remain in place (Campbell, 2003). This situation is in stark contrast with viruses that cause an acute infection in which, if the infected individual survives, t he immune response has cleansed viruses from all tissues. In this instance, viruses and the immuneresponse components coexist for but a short time (days), before either the virus or the immune response wins out. With HIV infection, both the virus and the immune response coexist but the duration can be years long -- until the patient dies (Fieldhouse, 2005). As the plague of AIDS continues and expands throughout the world, there is neither effective therapy for its permanent treatment and abatement nor is there a vaccine for its prevention. Treatment with the drug azidothymidine (Zidovudine) (AZT) or its counterparts, although effective in some instances, has at best worked only for the short term, presumably because of the rapid mutation rate of the virus and its ability to escape the drug's effects. The development of new drugs such as the HIV protease inhibitors offers the hope that combination drug treatment will remove the virus before HIV mutates and the virus escapes therapy. Whether HIV can be eradicated from an infected person and a case of AIDS cured is unknown. However, even with present combination therapy, nearly a quarter of treated individuals are not helped. The lack of a vaccine after years of research reflects how little is known about immunizing patients to protect them from an infectious agent that persists. A progres sion of events led to the concept that a virus could cause cancer (Fieldhouse, 2005). At first, HIV infection sets off a cascade of events that disseminates the virus to multiple lymphoid tissues. The immune response generated against HIV effectively lowers the host's viral load but does not remove all of it. The remaining viruses hide and cause a low-grade persistent infection. As the

Define both faith and reason Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Define both faith and reason - Essay Example Reasoning is the name of explanation with justification. Justification in turn is drawn from universally acknowledged facts and beliefs. Almost always, there is no ultimate reason that can be raised in support of a particular faith. Many reasons can be offered to justify a faith, and there acknowledgement varies from individual to individual depending upon the individual’s way of thinking and perception of the world. Relationship between faith and reason: There is a very strong relationship between reason and faith. Reason is the fundamental element that supports faith but it can never take its place. It is not possible for faith to exist without any reason, though faith can and does exist quite frequently without the existence of a profound knowledge or reasoning in its support. It is important to note that reason and faith are never antithetical. Reason and faith are never opposite. They are also never mutually exclusive and are hence, inseparable from each other (Albl 1). T herefore, it is quite normal and rational to find reason for having faith. Description of faith: â€Å"Biblical faith is having the belief and assurance from God in something that is unseen and/or not yet realized which has some probability of being correct, where the probability is determined using the brain and the intellect as guided by God† (angelfire.com).

How to make money selling drugs (the movie) Essay

How to make money selling drugs (the movie) - Essay Example The paper also makes use of a discussion regarding the manner in which the subject of attitude towards the drug war and the attitude towards the United States and the government in terms of drugs. Also, the benefits of selling drugs and the skills needed to sell drugs all over are discussed in this paper. The increase in drug selling has been addressed in the film with the help of statistical mapping and figures that indicate the measure of people that is escalating dramatically over the years. It should be noted that there has been a number of media productions that have indicated the aspect of drug war in America. However, the film under review has a new dimension to look at the war on drugs in America. The film shows that practitioners are in the law and enforcement agencies. These people are responsible for making sure that the issue of drug dealing is controlled at its source (Cook, 2014). They play an important part in forming an understanding of the drugs network and how different participants play their role in it. As a matter of example and analysis of the film, it can be said that the character of Ricky Ross is a very good representation of people who were concerned about the deepening critical issue of drug dealing in American society. Another arena to the debate or discussion of drug dealing in America has been presented in the film by stating that more and more money is being poured at this side of the lawmaking institutions. In addition, it can be said that the same amount of money could have been used in any other service or institution of America. Through the help of this viewpoint, the director has been extremely successful in reflecting upon the attitude of the government towards war on drugs. (Cook, 2014) The benefits of selling drugs are yet another significant aspect that can be noted in the film’s plot. It can be said that the director has highlighted the benefit of

Destination management Vancouver Research Paper

Destination management Vancouver - Research Paper Example However, along with the positive impacts that include employment and overseas exchange incomes, tourism can also lead to various risky effects regarding the costs to a local society along with its business environment (Howie, 2003). Destination management can be regarded as an incorporated model that includes the significant factors which eventually shape and influence a destination’s competitive strength as well as those factors that create an environment within which tourism can prosper in a well recognized manner (Dwyer & Kim, n.d.). The conception of destination management mainly serves towards addressing the needs of the tourists along with the economic benefits of the tourism industry, approaching tourism development in such a way that ultimately diminishes the various risky impacts, protecting local people’s business interests, heritage and environment and defending the local environment as well (Dwyer & Kim, n.d.). In the paper, a brief idea regarding destinatio n management is taken into discussion and a particular destination has been chosen i.e., Vancouver, British Columbia. Various aspects regarding the different organizations that are responsible for managing or encouraging tourism and visitors to the destination area, their structures, their vision statements, their roles and responsibilities, varied attractions of the destination i.e., of Vancouver, destination statistics along its economic impact and the different factors that are likely to impact upon tourism of Vancouver will also be taken into concern in the discussion of this paper. In addition, the main purpose of this study is to determine the organizations that are responsible for encouraging tourism and the most significant purpose is to evaluate the statistics and financial impact upon the destination area i.e. Vancouver, British Columbia. As a whole, a full furnished financial data or information regarding the impact of tourism upon Vancouver, British Columbia is also cons idered as a chief concern for the study of this paper. a. The organizations which are responsible for managing or encouraging tourism along with the visitors to the destination area include a few government-funded tourist organizations such as â€Å"National Tourism Offices†, tourism agencies and â€Å"Destination Management Organizations† among others (Pedersen, 2002). Apart from these government-funded tourist organizations, the ‘tour operators’ which are also known as ‘outbound providers’, ‘tour agencies’, ‘ground operators’ known as ‘inbound providers’, ‘travel agencies’ and ‘specialty tourism firms’ are also responsible for managing or encouraging tourism along with the visitors to the destination area (Pedersen, 2002). In this connection, â€Å"National Tourism Offices† work together with different hotels along with air transporters in order to collect and gather muc h finance for various destination promotion programs. ‘Tour operators’ are the companies that generally deliver different tours to the customers through travel mediators. In contrast ‘specialty tourism firms’ organize trips for the clients or the customers in order to participate in any tourism specific activities (Pedersen, 2002)

Organic Ice Cream Essay Example for Free

Organic Ice Cream Essay There is hardly any person who has never bought or tasted any home-made or commercially produced ice cream. About 41. 38% have purchased ice cream once a week and Haagen Dazs was chosen as their favorite brand. Among the available flavors in the market, chocolate (62. 50%) and vanilla (50. 00%) are still the old time favorite. Although most prefer regular ice cream (93. 33%), about 25% have tasted organic ice cream. Due to the advancement of medicine and research, rapid information dissemination, and vast production of goods and services, consumers are aware of products that are sold in the market. Consumers these days do not only want to satisfy their palates, they also want what is best for their health. There is a growing market for organic fruits (68. 75%) and vegetables (87. 50%) and about 78. 57% are still not aware that organic ice cream exists in the market. However, about 57. 4% are willing to try it if the organic version taste as good or better than the regular version and if it is also healthier for them. People are switching to organic fruits and vegetables to avoid pesticides and other chemicals that are not beneficial to their health (Nagourney, 2007). They want to have a more nutritious, safer and better food than non-organic. Since Haagen Dazs, a leading ice cream manufacturer, has never introduced organic ice cream, it can capture 87. 0% of the consumers who showed interest in trying the product produced by their favorite brand. While there are still limited numbers of organic ice cream manufacturers, this is the best time for Haagen Dazs to introduce a product that does not only satisfy consumer’s palate but also enhance their well being. Another survey can be done to determine which among the organic ice cream fruit flavors would be most preferred by the consumers; e. g. strawberry, blueberry, etc. It would also be best to randomly survey an equal number of male and female participants.

Consumer behaviour regarding luxury product consumption

Consumer behaviour regarding luxury product consumption From guilt-free fair-trade products and free-range eggs, to cruelty-free shampoo and chemical-free paint, a revolution seems to be occurring in wealthy capitalist societies. And this is happening not at the margins of society but at its heart, in the shopping centers and homes of ordinary people (Lewis and Potter, 2010). Mainstreaming of ethical concerns around consumption is on the rise and companies are extending their fair-trade range over more products, in a bid to catch the ethical consumer. But is this phenomenon also apparent in luxury product consumption? The discussion in this paper is aimed towards analyzing the role of ethics in the luxury industry where consumption, to much extent, is based on hedonistic values. It is also quite uncertain whether luxury brands actually target ethical consumers. The role of ethics in luxury product consumption is complex and thus requires an intricate analysis. This paper will initially discuss about ethical consumerism as a whole. Comparing and contrasting various research studies and surveys; it will present the current global trends in consumer behaviour. Moving into the luxury sector, it will analyze the values and motivations behind luxury product consumption and examine if sustainable development can co-exist with luxury products. Finally, it will highlight some of the steps big luxury groups such as BVLGARI, LVMH and Versace are taking to integrate ethics into consumption by working on issues such as animal welfare, child labour, education and environmental protection. The question arises whether these measures motivate consumer behaviour de facto. This paper will demonstrate that consumer motivations behind luxury purchases are hedonism and social recognition, rather than ethical values. Purchase of a product that concerns a certain ethical issue such as human rights, animal welfare, child labour or environment protection can be termed as ethical consumption (Doane, 2001). In general, ethical consumption is reflected when a consumer feels responsible towards society and expresses these feelings by means of his or her purchase behaviour (De Pelsmacker, Driesen and Rayp 2005). Consumers can translate their ethical concerns by either buying products that contribute towards ethical concerns or by boycotting products that are unethically produced. Ethical consumers are therefore aware of the consequences of production, consumption and disposal, and expect companies, producing the products they buy, to conform to ethical standards. Recent studies indicate that consumers increasingly care about ethics while purchasing regular household goods and are willing to pay a premium for socially acceptable products (Auger, Burke, Devinney and Louviere, 2003). For example, they prefer to buy fair-trade coffee, organic foods, products free from child labour and legally logged wood. The Edelman Goodpurpose consumer survey (2010) shows that 86% of global consumers believe that business needs to place at least equal weight on societys interests as on businesss interests. According to the survey, emerging markets have taken the lead consumers in Brazil, India, China and Mexico have outpaced their peers in the west in purchasing and promoting brands that support good causes. Hence, there is cultural variation in behavioural intentions, but the group of consumers most interested in socially responsible products is growing across the world. The Edelman study also suggests that after 4Ps Product, Price, Placement and Promotion, Purpose is the 5th P of marketing. In order to retain their customer base, marketers need to understand and act on the social issues that matter to their customers and are a best fit to their business. Whilst a lot is indicated about increasing socially conscious consumer attitude, it does not reflect in actual consumer behaviour. Research indicates that a consumer attitude towards making ethical purchases is more positive than behaviour (De Pelsmacker, Driesen and Rayp 2005). For example, Cotte and Trudel (2010) demonstrate that 44% consumers indicated an intention to change their buying behaviour to consume ethical products, however only 18% actually did. General ethical attitude or even surveys intent on measuring consumption ethics are almost completely unrelated to actual behaviour since there is pressure to answer in a socially desirable way (Auger and Devinney, 2007). So consumer purchasing behaviours are not nearly as high as these attitudes would predict (Carrigan and Attalla, 2001) and consumers will buy responsible products only if quality, performance and prices are equal (Deloitte, 2008). This ubiquitous attitude behaviour gap is due to various factors. It may be the consumers perception of having to compromise on attributes such as convenience and quality of the product they value (Roberts, 1996) or could be the lack of knowledge about the firms ethical behaviour. Consumers are more aware of a firms unethical behaviour and rather have little knowledge about its ethical initiatives (Carrigan and Attalla, 2001). Another reason is widespread consumer scepticism and cynicism (Roberts, 1996). Marketers who try to oversell their firms offering as better on socially conscious dimensions, risk being accused of what is now called green washing (Cotte and Trudel, 2009). Hence, the most important factors affecting buying decision are still price, quality, convenience, and brand. Therefore, there is clearly a lack of conclusive and empirical evidence that consumers will pay more for socially responsible products (McWilliam and Siegal, 2000), but at least there seems to be a constant effort by both consumers and companies to be ethically conscious in consumption and production respectively. There is a trend towards more consumer activism with respect to the social behaviours of organizations, especially large and well-known multinational corporations (Auger, Burke, Devinney and Louviere, 2003). Despite the ethical markets strong growth, consumers have blasted Nestlà ©, Coca-Cola, Cadbury, McDonalds and Tesco for failing to do enough to champion ethical values, according to new market research (Britton, 2010). But traces of such efforts can rarely be found in the luxury sector. It is observed that for higher priced products, only those consumers, who have a strong favourable attitude towards charity, are ready to pay the premium (Anderson and Cunningham, 1972) . In order to verify this behaviour, it is important to explore the motivations behind luxury purchases. Analyzing consumers perception of luxury products, a survey conducted by Synovate (2009) demonstrates, 35% people feel that luxury is everything over and above what is needed and 17% associate luxury as a lifestyle. Whether consumers define luxury as a feel of cashmere on their skin, the joy of time to spend as per their wish or the pleasure of showing off their success, actually depends on where they live. For example, in developing countries like India and Brazil, luxury is about flashing your wealth with big designer logos, its away of life. Whereas in countries like France, where people are certainly hedonistic, and enjoy the small pleasures like a good smell, or the softness of a scarf, and of course cooking and eating, luxury is about making them feel good and not about flaunting a brand. Luxury purchases are motivated by hedonistic values associated with instant gratification (Szmigin, Carrigan and OLoughlin, 2007). These values stimulate a consumer to purchase a $3500 Louis V uitton bag whose function is the same as a handbag at $250. Essentially, at the core of luxury consumption are three key motivations: indulgence, exclusivity and status. Danziger (2004) highlights two reasons behind buyer behaviour to solve problems and to make them feel good. She classifies consumer purchases into 4 categories Utilitarian, indulgences, lifestyle luxuries and aspirational luxuries, each motivated by different values (represented at the ends of each axis in fig.1). Utilitarian purchases include items such as blenders, food processors and microwaves, which essentially focus on practicality. Indulgences represent lifes little luxuries that provide emotional satisfaction and which consumers can buy without guilt. Cosmetics, entertainment products, games and costume jewellery are appropriate examples. Lifestyle luxuries are luxury cars (Mercedes, BMW), designer clothes (Armani, Ralph Lauren), Watches (Rolex). They are extravagant and provide material satisfaction, along with the prestige and image conferred by the brand. And finally there are aspirational luxuries that have no practical need and are purchased largely for the pure joy of owning them. Theses include Art, antiques, vintage collectibles, yachts, fine jewellery, etc. Consumers buy these items to make a statement about them in society, express their values, interests and passions. Fig1: Consumer purchase categories and motivations behind each Having discussed that a consumer buys anything to satisfy a concrete need, in purchasing luxury items, the act of consuming, rather than the product itself, satisfies this need (Danzigner, 2004). In fact, tracking the roots of luxury product consumption and marketing, we find it to be based on sheer unethical values (Sylvester, ND). Back in the 1840s in Manchester England (The worlds richest city then), the cotton mill owners were at the top of the social ladder and usually showed off their wealth at dinner parties where they served wine instead of beer and the wealthier class served champagne. For the most affluent class this was a problem as champagne was no longer exclusive. As a solution, the French marketers, keeping the product unchanged, created a much more expensive drink called vintage champagne. The rich mill owners were flocked to it. Hence, within a few years, the world was buying more bottles at higher prices. The anecdote above is a good example that shows how the concept of luxury is based on un-ethical selling and consumption, of which marketers are well aware. This view is supported in the 21st century as marketing strategist, Sergio Zyman (2000), provides in his book, the end of marketing Marketing is how to sell more things to more people more often for more money. In fact, French marketers are the leaders in marketing luxury brands and even the puritan roots and guilt dont prevent them from behaving in unashamedly elitist ways and producing items that no ordinary person will ever be able to afford. Marketers are concentrating their efforts on selling things that people dont need, but want. Different values that motivate consumers to make a low value purchase as compared to a luxury purchase. Empirical evidence suggests that materialism is negatively correlated with consumer behaviour, i.e. unethical behaviour is associated with greater amounts of materialism (Barrett, 1992 cited in Muncy and Eastman, 1998). The more materialistic consumers might be willing to bend ethical rules to gain possessions and when faced with an ethical choice, the acquisition of the goods may begin to take primacy over ethical values (Muncy and Eastman, 1998). Thus, the factors that may cause a person to be more materialistic may also cause him or her to be less ethical. In fact, marketers may have self-interest in encouraging materialism. Even if we consider that some people do behave ethically while purchasing luxury products, their decisions are not necessarily dependent on ethical values. People, while shopping in public, like to be seen as altruistic and thus are more likely to choose green products, that maybe expensive and low quality but benefit the environment (Griskevicius, Tybur and Van den Bergh, 2010; Telegraph, 2010). So their purchases are often motivated by status, especially when these products cost more relative to non-green products. The Toyota Prius is a prime example of a self-promoting mobile billboard for environmentalist beliefs. A compact hybrid Sedan with moderate features and performance, considered a Green product due to high fuel efficiency. In a survey, 40% of hybrid owners indicated that they bought a green car as an alternative to a traditional luxury car such as a BMW (Griskevicius, Tybur and Van den Bergh, 2010). Yet, the top five reasons why the Prius was so successful and environmental conservation was last on the list (Maynard, 2007). The number 1 reason was, that it made a statement about the consumer, a statement that the owner cares about the environment. So consumers are willing to spend on ethical products but at the cost of earning a public status or reputation. In the privacy of ones home, luxury and comfort is still the winner (Griskevicius, Tybur and Van den Bergh, 2010). Having discussed that hedonism and materialism as motivators of luxury purchases, it is evident that sustainability and luxury are quite incompatible terms. To drive a Rolls Royce, a Bentley or a Mercedes S Class would radiate a message that the owner couldnt care less about gas overconsumption and the warming of the atmosphere (Kapferer, 2010). Luxury is about excellence: more than any other, luxury brands guarantee zero risk. Now there are more and more pressures from lobbies and animal defense groups to forbid testing skin care products on animals. But without testing, the brand cannot ensure that its product is harmless for consumers. If all fashion luxury brands adopt a minimalist look, they would lose all capacity to differentiate and thus lose their integrity. Elliott and Freeman (2001 cited in Belk, Devinney and Eckhardt, 2005) found relatively high price elasticity of demand for products made under bad labour conditions but low price elasticity for products made under good conditions, implying that companies can potentially lose from having their products identified as being made under bad conditions but have little to gain from marketing their products as being made under good conditions. Modern revelations of how Prada and Dolce Gabbana bags were being stitched by clandestine Chinese workers in workshops-costing a mere à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬20 to produce, have signaled the need of ethical behaviour in manufacturing, in order to retain customers. Luxury brands are advancing fast to meet the demands of sustainable development. Some brands are actually working on philanthropic endeavors, but their motive is not quite clear. For example, since 2009, BVLGARI has raised more than 6 million Euros to support Save the Childrens quality education programs and are hosting several special events to support quality education for the worlds neediest children (Bvlgari, 2010). LVMH has been auditing its carbon imprint since 2004 and has taken as a managerial motto the four words: renew, recycle, reduce, and review (Kapferer, 2010). The same holds  true for Tiffany. Dior (LVMH) gets their handbags made in Italy (excellent leather suppliers and their know-how that produces less CO2 than if it was made in China) and the leather comes from bio farms. Versace has an Art Unites initiative where the brand makes one-of-a-kind handbags out of each work of art drawn by a child. The bags are sold for about $250 through its global boutiques and all p roceeds go to childrens foundation or other charities. Having analyzed the extent to which consumers value ethics in the luxury sector, as well as explored the same issue from the perspective of the luxury companies, one can conclude that that people care more about ethics if the people around them can recognize them for doing so. There is a big attitude behaviour gap that demonstrates that consumers still make important purchase decisions on the basis of price, quality and durability of product rather than ethics. Thus, the intentions of both consumers and producers are to some extent unethical in its roots and motivated by further recognition to be doing whats right rather than for the outcome and effect of those ethical decisions on the people that they are benefitting. What is evident is that firms have realized that need of ethical conduct to retain its customers if not gain more.

Understanding Diversity in Beliefs about Health

Understanding Diversity in Beliefs about Health Understanding diversity in beliefs about health Getting your child vaccinated is a choice every parent has to make. There are many attitudes, beliefs and perspectives on the topic. This essay will be comparing and contrasting these views between the two groups of parents, those being the ones that decide to fully vaccinate their children and those that put off certain vaccines or dont vaccinate their children at all. The majority group of 90.1% of parents in Australia decided to have their children fully immunised, with the remainder being the parents that choose to refuse certain or all vaccines (A. G. o. h. (2014)). Reasons for different attitudes leading to these decisions can range from the medical to the religious reasons (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). Recommendations and education about immunisation usually happens through the parents doctor or physician, since it is seen in the medical community as a big problem that parents don’t vaccinate their children (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). In so me countries such as Canada it is mandatory to vaccinate your child, but in countries like Australia and the US the choice is up to the parents (Walkinshaw, E. (2011))(Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). This decision a parent can make for the child can have lasting effects into adulthood and with recent recurring outbreaks of diseases like whooping cough, there is a lot of stigma surrounding the topic (Walkinshaw, E. (2011)) . A vaccination is a medical procedure where a person is injected with a substance which can prevent illnesses and diseases being caught or spreading (Shetty, P. (2010)). Parents give their children shots for each disease and a few single diseases need multiple shots just for themselves (Pediatrics. (2011)). Such diseases that children might get vaccinated for would be polio, influenza virus and the measles (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). Most parents vaccinate their children (A. G. o. h. (2014)). But there is also a high number of the population which refuses to receive their vaccinations, mainly because of skepticism (Walkinshaw, E. (2011)). This is apparent even though many doctors such as Dr Ian Gemmill try to put across messages like â€Å"Immunizations are the safest, longest-lasting and most effective ways to prevent communicable diseases† (Walkinshaw, E. (2011)). Although this is the majority of the attitudes between health care occupations, surveys show that health workers still remain divided on this issue, with a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" of emergency nurses in one survey expressing that they had concerns and didn’t fully trust the idea of immunizations and what the risk of side effects would be for themselves (Mary Ann Bell, P., Joseph A. Dake, James H. Price, Timothy R. Jordan, Paul Rega. (2012)). Doctors like Dr Gemmill emphasise their point by referring to statistics of immunizations, comparing disease related death from before vaccinations to after (Walkinshaw, E. (2011)). While Edda West, the coordinator of the Vaccination Risk Awareness Network has the counter argument that, a medical procedures that’s as invasive as vaccinations will always carry a risk of injury or death and this should be taken into consideration by the patients parents (Walkinshaw, E. (2011)). Also saying that many health professionals are persuading parents and not educating them about the fact that they themselves have a choice (Walkinshaw, E. (20 11)). Vaccinations have health groups divided but in the end it is up to the parents and their choice in end. Vaccines overall have strong effects on the health industry (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). Parents that have their children vaccinated Parents can have a positive attitude about vaccines for a number of reasons. Most parents know about the certain diseases that could be fatal for their babies (Dannetun, E. T., Anders ; Giesecke, Johan. (2007)). Vaccines have demonstrated to have positive effects in solving this problem and this is the main motivation for most parents to have their children immunized (Dannetun, E. T., Anders ; Giesecke, Johan. (2007)). Most parents dont give it a second thought since vaccines are widely accepted and promoted in today’s society (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). It is given out through schools and some schools even require children to be vaccinated before they can be accepted into a school (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). So one of the big influences on the beliefs of parents that are pro-vaccination come from the General health community and the government (Dannetun, E. T., Anders ; Giesecke, Johan. (2007)). The World Health Organisation (WHO) says that it wants most countries to vaccinate all their children (Dannetun, E. T., Anders ; Giesecke, Johan. (2007)). These groups push vaccinations by the parent receiving the advice from a health professional, or having the parents children face restrictions in the future like not being able to attend a certain school (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). Parents might get the feeling that they are obligated to vaccinate their child, they want the best for their child and the education they receive when looking for professional advice it leads parents to a pro-vaccination standpoint (Walkinshaw, E. (2011)). Another thing pro-vaccination attitudes are pushed with would be the parents own fear for their child (Mary Ann Bell, P., Joseph A. Dake, James H. Price, Timothy R. Jordan, Paul Rega. (2012)). Children are always at risk of getting sick, spikes in diseases like whooping cough occur in populations unvaccinated and babies die from this ((RCN), R. C. o. N. P. C. (2012)). Naturally, occurrences like these influence parents that might have not have been pro vaccine to maybe change their view. Pertussis vaccination is one of the most common and outbreaks among the unvaccinated community are not uncommon ((RCN), R. C. o. N. P. C. (2012)). Parents who are worried and don’t want to put their children at risk will mostly seek the simpler solution to ensure the safety of their child and that’s to vaccinate (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). The fear factor also leads to some pro-active attitudes to pro-vaccination. This is especially apparent in developing nations, where vaccines are on high demand and support from the government is lacking (Blecher, M. S. M., Filip ; Kollipara, Aparna ; Hecht, Robert ; Cameron, Neil A. ; Pillay, Yogan ; Hanna, Luisa. (2012)). There is a high burden of disease in places such as South Africa with high death rates due to preventable diseases such as pneumococcal and rotavirus (Blecher, M. S. M., Filip ; Kollipara, Aparna ; Hecht, Robert ; Cameron, Neil A. ; Pillay, Yogan ; Hanna, Luisa. (2012)). People of the pro-vaccine attitude might go as far to fund charities to distribute to poorer countries, with the intention that it will allow children in developing nations to receive vaccines. The most notable donator being Bill Gates, a parent himself donating $2Billion of his fortune in 1999 to vaccine distribution, his contribution has allowed many parents in poor countries to have better acce ss to vaccines for their own children. More has been donated since (Economist, T. (1999, 5 Nov)). These actions all stem from their attitudes to vaccinations, believing that more vaccines, means less death or injury. Parents that don’t want their children to be vaccinated Children that don’t get vaccinated are said to be put at risk of coming down with a deadly illness (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). Parents are of the anti-vaccine attitude, believe that they are doing better for their child because of their own reasons or lifestyle choices (Shetty, P. (2010)). Something that could have parents take an anti-vaccine opinion, could be for non-medical reasons like the family religion or philosophical reasons (Shetty, P. (2010)) (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). But the majority of parents that don’t vaccinate their children have reasoning mainly due to their own skepticism about the vaccine shots and their possible side effects (Shetty, P. (2010)). Parents say that they don’t want their children to be exposed to â€Å"unnecessary toxins† (Shetty, P. (2010)). The risks and benefits of vaccines are weighed up by parents, it is alleged by some anti-vaccine groups that immunisations can be linked to other dis eases such as autism or multiple sclerosis (Shetty, P. (2010)). The number of people with this attitude is rising globally, it is said that anti-vaccination groups would only be localised to specific areas in developed nations (Shetty, P. (2010)). But with the rise of the internet and social networking, the idea of greater safety from no vaccines in becoming to be known in more developing nations like India (Shetty, P. (2010)). Paul Offit, the chief of infectious diseases, says that many parents aren’t fully educated about vaccinations and that they shouldn’t buy into the anti-vaccination lobbies which said to basically that â€Å"vaccines are the devil† (Shetty, P. (2010)). It is also said that a possible reason for people to have this point of view is because people can see an association between, the drop in illness levels, while the rate of people that encounter either real or perceived side effects goes up (Shetty, P. (2010)). Doctors are expected to fully educate parents about such subjects, because of common misconceptions about statistics which might influence their standpoint, so parents can make a fully informed decision. Comparisons One of the similarities these two groups share is that their actions are driven by fear (Shetty, P. (2010)). Whether it be the fear of losing your child via a sickness, or the fear of the idea that they will be exposing their children to â€Å"biologicals of unknown toxicity† (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012))(Shetty, P. (2010)). Both parties want the best for their children. Governments are constantly pushing vaccinations (Economist, T. (1998, 5 Nov)), and Health professional anti-vaccine groups are more vocal about parents not being educated about their choice and not being able to exercise their freedoms (Shetty, P. (2010)). Parents that are anti-vaccine seem to be more scared of the side effects of the vaccine than the actual disease (Shetty, P. (2010)). Doctors of the pro-vaccination standpoint do express that there are vaccines that children might not need, but vaccines like Hep B are a must (Shetty, P. (2010)). This appeals to many parents that might be on the f ence about vaccinations, there is an appreciation for a middle ground between that two population groups (A. G. o. h. (2014)). There are a lot of diseases to vaccinate against (A. G. o. h. (2014)). Parents that are of the pro-vaccination standpoint may hold off on a certain vaccine if it doesn’t seem needed, until they decide they might want to go traveling with their children, to a place where it is needed, causes for this behaviour can be linked to someone’s financial standpoint (C, H. A. E. W. R. E. I. S. N. K. M. (2012)). The same idea applies for parents of the anti-vaccination standpoint, if there is an outbreak of a disease such a pertussis in the area where they live, some parents would be happy to makes sure that their children got a shot in that circumstance ((RCN), R. C. o. N. P. C. (2012)). Impacts on Health The main population group that affects the health community are the parents which dont decide to vaccinate, hence why doctors push it to their patients so strongly, because it is said to cause preventable traffic in the health system (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012))(A. G. o. h. (2014)). With more and more parents not vaccinating their children, they are pushing beyond the safe number of whats called the herd immunity (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012))(Shetty, P. (2010)). Herd immunity is based off the notion that it is safe to have a small amount of children in one area that are not vaccinated, but if there is a number of children not vaccinated in the same neighbourhood then outbreaks are more likely to occur (Shetty, P. (2010)). Vaccines are also expensive though (Blecher, M. S. M., Filip ; Kollipara, Aparna ; Hecht, Robert ; Cameron, Neil A. ; Pillay, Yogan ; Hanna, Luisa. (2012)). If everyone was anti-vaccine then it would free up expenses which could be used fo r arguable more important aspects of health (Blecher, M. S. M., Filip ; Kollipara, Aparna ; Hecht, Robert ; Cameron, Neil A. ; Pillay, Yogan ; Hanna, Luisa. (2012)). Poorer countries need to accommodate as the demand for vaccines rises, putting more strain on their current health systems (Blecher, M. S. M., Filip ; Kollipara, Aparna ; Hecht, Robert ; Cameron, Neil A. ; Pillay, Yogan ; Hanna, Luisa. (2012)). Conclusion Vaccinations are one of the many choices parents get to make for their children and any subject relating to life or death is going to be touchy. Although there are some countries such as slovenia that don’t allow for the freedom for parents to choose, with other countries like canada looking to do the same (Walkinshaw, E. (2011)). Mainly due to strong advocacy from the health systems as a whole (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). In the nations where you are allowed choice, doctors try their best to make sure parents are fully educated on the matter so there is less of a chance that parents make their decisions for the wrong reasons (Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012)). References A. G. o. h. (2014). Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) statistics. Retrieved 06/03, from https://www.medicareaustralia.gov.au/provider/patients/acir/statistics.jsp Blecher, M. S. M., Filip ; Kollipara, Aparna ; Hecht, Robert ; Cameron, Neil A. ; Pillay, Yogan ; Hanna, Luisa. (2012). Financing vaccinations – The South African experience. Vaccine, 30, 7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.042 Douglas S. Diekema, M. D., M.P.H. (2012). Improving Childhood Vaccination Rates. The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(5), 3. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1113008 C, H. A. E. W. R. E. I. S. N. K. M. (2012). A cross-sectional study of pre-travel health-seeking practices among travelers departing Sydney and Bangkok airports. BMC public health, 12(1), 1. Dannetun, E. T., Anders ; Giesecke, Johan. (2007). Parents attitudes towards hepatitis B vaccination for their children. A survey comparing paper and web questionnaires, Sweden 2005. BMC public health, 7, 1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-86 Economist, T. (1998, 5 Nov). Philanthropy: Gates the Good. The Economist, 1. Mary Ann Bell, P., Joseph A. Dake, James H. Price, Timothy R. Jordan, Paul Rega. (2012). A National Survey of Emergency Nurses and Avian Influenza Threat. Journal of Emergency Nursing. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2012.05.005 Pediatrics. (2011). Meningococcal conjugate vaccines policy update: booster dose recommendations. Pediatrics, 128(6), 5. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2380 (RCN), R. C. o. N. P. C. (2012). The Health Protection Agency is warning parents to keep their children up to date with vaccinations for whooping cough, after an increase in the number of cases in 2011. Nursing Children and Young People, 24(3), 1. Shetty, P. (2010). Experts concerned about vaccination backlash. The Lancet, Vol.375(9719), 2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60421-7 Walkinshaw, E. (2011). Mandatory vaccinations: no middle ground. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol.183(16), 2.

Journal On Rapoport :: essays research papers fc

Human had a long history of showing their will to shape, control their surrounding and understanding the natural world. Thus, it is no surprise that mankind had gone this far in advanced technology. By improving our science and technology, we are able to understand and research the world. This will allow mankind to create more stability thus avoiding some of the effects from great fluctuations of nature forces explore the truth of myths. With this theme in mind, I find it to be a very common characteristic among the three articles by: Rapoport (Australian Aborigines And The Definition Of Place), Hertzberger (Lessons For Student In Architecture) and, Deyner (African Traditional Architecture), which could possibly explain the difference in the definition of place both by the author and the locale. It is not so much as the level of technology that these cultures exist in, but more relevantly, the period of technology improvement they are living in which defined their indigenous landscape architecture.Rapoport believes that Australian Aborigines, "cooperated with nature rather than to subdue it" (Rapoport, 1980:p.44.) I found this to be a point that is somewhat accurate but not precise. The fact that these Australian aborigines did not advance in technology, are forced to accept nature as it is. As a result, they live their lives primitively through myths and stories instead of research and development. This is evident when compared to Deyner's article, explaining that the more advanced (this advancement is draw from the fact that these less nomadic Africans do trade and had farms) Africans developed more permanent dwellings, practical buildings (huts) which created a clearer boundary to identify their territory. However, the Africans' minute building structures are still primitive and they are only constructed to serve a prime purpose like say, a small mud granary to store food. On the other hand, Hertzberger's "Lesson for student in Architecture" dwell deeper into concept of space and how we divide and articulate building structures when he mentioned, "question of sensing the required distance and proximity between people ...purpose of space." (Hertzberger, 1991:p.100)This level of division and detachment from natural dwelling showed a precise mentality of modern era human though I could not say that we are now in the 20th century and do not appreciate or dislike nature. But the point is that, modern era human had so much control and complex thought that enable us articulate our confinement (concept of space).

Education: Banking or Problem Posing? Essay -- essays research papers

Education: Banking or Problem Posing? Richard Rodriguez and Paolo Freire write of education as the core factor in one’s life. They feel that education itself lends people to either â€Å"achieve† greatness or fall into the majority of â€Å"bankers.† â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† by Rodriguez and â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education† by Freire greatly resemble each other; however, they also differ on some points. Despite their differences, both texts come to the same conclusion – education makes a person who he/she can become. Rodriguez and Freire both state that education is vital for success. Rodriguez writes that he is the way he is because of his education. Rodriguez came from a working class Mexican family. When he was introduced to education, he became ashamed of this and chose to change his path from falling into the same social status. Rodriguez is known as he is today because of his ability to step back; out of the present situation or environment and reflect on it almost immediately. Rodriguez agrees that banking does nothing to better education or society itself. If no new ideas are ever surfaced, then progress will never occur. He was the same as everyone else until he started to analyze texts and paraphrase more than just summarize. This made him the â€Å"scholarship boy† that he was. By learning to use his education wisely and make connections between different texts, he heightened his intelligence. A key element that Rodriguez and Freire both speak of is banking education. Fre...

Birth: The Beginning of Life Essay -- Birthing Birth Essays

Birth: The Beginning of Life Birth: a definition For all mammals (with platypuses being the exception), parturition is the beginning of life as we know it. More specifically, birth is the means by which non-human primates and human primates alike begin their experience of the world. I am interested in the significance of childbirth the method by which it is carried out, its implications for the birthing mother, and the way that the birthing process is viewed by different societies. Both birth and the postpartum period involve a certain degree of danger for the birthing mother, her nascent child, and her entire family or community. Because childbirth is so dangerous (the average lifetime risk of dying from pregnancy related causes is about one in fifteen in some poor countries, MacCormack 1), most cultures have distinct patterns that determine how the birthing process will be carried out. The birthing process involves different birthing positions; different rules concerning who is allowed to be present during the time of birth; mechanisms for deciding where birth takes place; and different ways by which mother and child deal with labor, birth and postpartum. "As a life crisis event, birth is everywhere a candidate for consensual shaping and social regulation the particular pattern depending on local history, ecology, social structure, technological development, and the like" (Jordan 4). By exploring the original human condition of childbirth one is able to gain insight into the universal biosocial phenomenon known as the birthing process. In addition, I am interested in studying childbirth because, as women's work, it is usually not given enough attention in the traditionally male-dominated field of anthropology. "Unt... ... Peoples. London: J. Cape, 1971. Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer. The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. Cambridge, MA:, Harvard Univ. Press, 1997. Jordan, Brigitte. Birth in Four Cultures: A Cross-cultural Investigation of Childbirth in Yucatan, Holland, Sweden, and the United States. 4th ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1993. Lawlor, Robert. Voices of the First Day: Awakening in the Aboriginal Dreamtime. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Trad. Ltd., 1991. MacCormack, Carol P., ed. Ethnography of Fertility and Birth. 2nd ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994. National Geographic Society. "Among the Wild Chimpanzees." National Geographic Video, 1984. Pinker, Steven. "Why they kill their newborns" New York Times Magazine 11 Feb. 1997: 52-55. Smuts et. al. eds. Primate societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.

Ponyboy curtis

He matures throughout the course of the novel, a ND earning things about life, he's naive and inexperienced compared to the 10th errs. He's very thoughtful, and has good motives and intentions. He's a loyal person and always sticks up for what's right. He's not spoiled or selfish. He's grateful for what he has. PWS world has been turned upside down after his parents were killed in an AU automobile accident just eight months before The Outsiders story takes place. Do you area lies that he's an orphan and he just lives with his older brothers Darryl which is only 20 years old ND Soda who's 16.Lucky Darryl' has a legal custody of Soda and Pony boy. Pony wants there to be no fighting Beethoven the Soc and the greasers. pony likes sunsets, books and he also like poems which he always memoir zees. He lines at the movie house, † I had a long walk home and no company, but I usually lone it anyway, for no reason except that I like to watch movies† † and nobody in our gang di gs books and movies the way I do† Pony has a different attitude and behavior than the others in his gang.Greasers are almost like hoods, we steal things and drive old speedup cars and hold up gas stations and have gang fights once in a while . I don't mean I do things like that† The other greasers are tough/ rude while pony is sensitive,soft and also humble. He saved the kids from the church fire and doubt that the greasers would've do en that. Darryl always says that Pony has a lack of common sense. He can admit the at he isn't the greatest at school but that's because he's not that interested in shoo I.He can also have some lack of common sense when he's in trouble but even if he get s in to trouble a lot he still has he's feet on the ground. Pony has always been proud to be a greaser, even willing to rumble again SST a gang of Soc for the sake of his fellow greasers. He does not like few of the people in the his crew, particularly hazardous Dallas Winston, however he would do anything f or Dallas and would be protect him from the hazard whether it is possible. The bonus a accordance Pony is the thread that keeps his bunch along. It cuts across their different sees.Those are loyal to the one another because they are known each other well h as grown up along, and have enjoyed tough times along. In the case the Curtis boys is t heir allegiance in order to their brothers and of orphaned brothers. But to me, a loyal person is also just a someone we can or should admire. I be live we should admire Pony to resolve all the trouble he has and been through . S omen who is loyal is someone you can trust, takes care of you, is concerned about y defends you, helps you, and more importantly loves you. Pony is the prefer CT example of that.

How does Steinbeck explore the theme of loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men’? Essay

In ‘Of Mice and Men’ Steinbeck deals with the theme of loneliness. I will be analysing the way in which Steinbeck explores loneliness at every angle. Analysis will include the futility of the American dream, the loneliness of the American man, a fully detailed character analysis showing loneliness and why Steinbeck chose to concentrate on the theme of loneliness. ‘Of mice and Men’ was written in 1937 and was amongst the three most powerful novels of the late 30’s, focusing on the Californian labouring class. ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ and ‘In Dubious Battle’ were the others. John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, in 1902, he grew up in an area where agriculture had been the main source of income. From here, he was bale to gather inspiration and produce amazing settings for some of the best fiction such as ‘Of Mice and Men’. The Great Depression, an era in which America had faced its longest trade recession in her history, bringing the country toward a stand still. People were fleeing like bees, running after jobs and money. Jobless men started to tour the country moving from state to state. Oklahoma and Arkansas faced the worst when farmers land was taken away. Historical records showed that a number of 30,000 people migrated to the state of California. ‘Where the grass was green, the soil was good and hopes were made’. Due to the Great depression, Steinbeck felt pushed out of his own state. From here he was able to draw on a situation and portray the ambitious dream resulting form the Great depression. George Milton and Lennie Small, both drifters, have nobody but each other. A dream absorbed in their minds, a dream in which someday they will have their own place, a place in which they could call home. Working in Salinas Valley, California, they hope to fulfil their dream. Lennie shows a downfall and their lives are horrified and their dream is no longer achievable. Of Mice and Men shows an excellent aspect toward real life situation especially at that time in California. Steinbeck shows and gives a great example of how the American dream was futile. The American dream is a vision in which all Americans are wanting to achieve. The success of owning their land and to once become bosses. Everybody is equal and all have a role to play in life. Everybody has enough to build a good home, make money and build a better life for themselves. Except black people. Despite the fact slavery had been over for a long period of time, thoughts and attitudes towards blacks were critical. Black people were not seen as important, but were only useful for menial jobs. ‘The best laid schemes Gang Aft Agley’ (often goes wrong). The best laid schemes often go wrong, due to the effect of loneliness and depression. Everybody has to work and help one another, without a helping hand, their hopes will not turn into reality. The American dream represents a way in which people may escape from a lonely place. They set themselves a goal and they are determined to achieve it. George and Lennie place hopes in their minds and say to each other what they are going to achieve. Here they become motivated and set their mind away from the lonely situation. They believe that they will make enough to live ‘off the fat of the land’. They hope to become their own bosses. All this is a result from the American dream and the loneliness of the American man.

Actions and context of social Essay

Hale arrives in Salem and begins to interrogate Abigail. He is very direct and soon Abigail realises that she cannot avoid his questions any more. She knows she must escape his attention but she cannot run otherwise she will look suspicious. Instead, she cleverly implicates Tituba. Abigail constructs her involvement to become the leader of the proceedings, trying to force the other girls and her into following her lead. After confession, Tituba is told to tell the names of people seen with the devil. Mrs Putnam asks whether her past midwives had been in contact with the devil. Abigail soon says the names of Sarah Good and Goody Osburne as she quickly reveals that they are in contact with the devil. By satisfying her interrogator’s suspicions, despite their untruthfulness she can divert attention away from herself. Her intelligence and unique influence is demonstrated as she does so and sends the professional men of the court into a frenzied excitement, as they believe they have found someone in touch with the devil. By being the first and shouting out names, she has power and trust with the court. She then begins to call out more names, adding to Tituba’s list. This excites Betty whom immediately rises and joins in the chanting of names. She is described to be calling out ‘hysterically’ and ‘with great relief’. Then their ecstatic cries turn into a gleeful tone, adding an evil edge. Abigail has forged her way out of trouble and Betty has picked up on the plan, assured that she is safe from punishment and joins Abigail. They are now beyond accusation or danger and happy to call names out. Betty is following Abigail, but Abigail has no need to continue as she has already said Elizabeth’s name. The other names of people, she has no involvement with and most importantly, people who bear no importance in Salem and are vulnerable to prosecution. It is a fiendish scene, as if the girls are possessed by evil. They are not however and that leaves only one reason, that Abigail is wreaking her specific revenge for her parents deaths. It is one of her more evil actions in the play, as it cannot be accounted for. This shows that she does not hate and have power over people she wants revenge for, but everyone of human society. In my opinion, she is a disturbed character. She is initially perceived as being wild bright and proud. Her character then develops a ghastly quality that becomes a large influence over everybody in the village of Salem. She abuses this ability to turn things to her advantage and others fate. She develops an evil insensitive, which would seem to be her character, however occasionally she shows different emotions in moments of intense passion and fear. Abigail is the hidden secret of the play. She covers behind her sweet little girl innocence and manipulates it between the characters, which brings up many truths from the past. Her quest however, soon becomes an addiction as she has people killed and blames anyone to get back John Proctor.

Drug Cartel Violence Along the Mexican Border Essay

In lines thirty-five through forty-five of Ian McEwan’s Black Dogs, June and Bernard stand upon the precipice of a cliff in the French countryside. The particular description in this section, when teamed with June’s observations as they near the cliff, provide a startling comparison to June’s inner turmoil and the changes inherent to the baby she carries within her womb. Like her own future prospects, the path’s trajectory is a â€Å"steep descent† that fills her with anxiety and place June and Bernard’s relationship and imminent future into the context of a fall. Like the â€Å"bright, empty space† of â€Å"baking rock dropping three hundred feet† , their future stretches out before them and represents the unknowable nature of human relationships. However, perhaps more important in relating to June’s anxiety is her own awareness that such a physical descent of the earth could as easily be seen in as the physical and mental transformation she will go through in becoming a parent. The danger she senses is not merely the physical danger of their present but the psychological and emotional danger inherent to their own relationship with one another and their future child. The couple’s relationship in particular is vulnerable to the chasm that opens up before them with the knowledge of this new life and responsibility. Like the earth at the bottom of this open space, they can guess what the future will bring when they return to England but they cannot truly understand the context of what such a journey entails. There is the sense that they will look back upon this moment for a significance that they can only partially understand. On July 16, 2009, James Bone’s article for the London Times reported a series of murders that had just taken place in Mexico. Michoacan, where the killings have taken occurred, is an area of Mexico along the Pacific coast. As the country’s primary source of opium and marijuana, Michoacan hosts a great deal of drug cartel activity and violence– the most recent being when a dozen federal agent bodies were found on a highway in the mountains. These anti-drug agents are among several who have been killed this year in a series of attacks. This killing spree is reported to have been sparked by the arrest of Arnoldo Rueda Medina, a commander of La Familia cartel, which took place in Morelia– Michoacan’s capital. Seven cities came under attack from La Familia shortly after Medina’s arrest, including the tourist sites of Patzcuaro and Zitacuaro. The twelve bodies that were found on the highway– one woman and eleven men– marks the most severe attack thus far. Found with the bodies were death threats from La Familia, saying â€Å"†¦Join its ranks or leave† and â€Å"Let’s see if you try to arrest another one†, alluding to Medina being arrested. La Familia’s killing spree is reported to be a turning point in the long-standing Mexican drug war, as they are now killing federal agents directly. Some believe this proves that the arrest of Medina was a serious setback for the cartel. According to Jorge Chabat, a drug expert, the cartel’s operations have been negatively affected and they are showing signs of weakness rather than strength. Putting an end to this cartel, however, is seemingly an endless task– and due to La Familia having penetrated the legal system and obtaining protection, it is difficult to speculate when this violence is going to end. Link: http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6715478. ece

A BUSINESS PLAN FOR ROXE APPAREL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A BUSINESS PLAN FOR ROXE APPAREL - Essay Example These initial costs will be used for rent, recruitment, salaries and start-up expenditures. While serving the whole family, Roxe Apparel will focus more on the younger people aged between 16 and 35, because they are the cream of the clothing market. Introduction The apparel industry in the UK is a very lucrative one. However, it also has many barriers to entry. Nevertheless, there are many opportunities due to a number of possibilities that the fashion subsectror in the industry offers. Starting a business in the industry can be challenging but also highly rewarding. In this regard, it is prudent and worthy to start a clothing company in UK. The following is a business plan for starting a clothing company in the UK. The company will be called Roxe Apparel and will seek to serve the UK market as a medium class apparel company. The market for middle class clothing is very big in the UK, and it will be easier for such a new firm to commence its operations. The firm will concentrate on t he younger generations as the main market niche, but will also serve the whole family. Competitor Analysis The environment The clothing industry is a very competitive industry due to the fact that it is affected by some special factors which do not impact other industries (Gwilt and Rissanen, 2011). Popularity is a very important issue in the clothing industry since customers always buy from the clothing companies they are already used to. Unlike other basics needs, clothes are some of the few basic products which people choose carefully where they buy because that also matters. In other words, an individual may choose to buy from a more expensive store if the store is popular, and not to buy the exact same product from a cheaper one if the store is regarded lowly (Shishoo, 2012). This is especially so in the UK clothing market where competition is so tough and there are so many already established clothing firms. At the same time, most UK people are loyal customers, who choose to f ollow one brand and not to try many different ones. Creating the balance between branding the company as a popular one and giving the customer the best price is always a challenge in the clothing industry, and this is going to be a bigger concern for Roxe because it is a new firm. No clothing firm wants to be regarded as cheap, but at the same time, it is necessary to give the customers the best price. This makes already established firms more popular and entry into the industry very difficult. The main competitors that Roxe Apparel will face include established firms. These businesses already stand firmly on the ground and have a well established rapport with the customers in terms of knowing what the customer wants and expects. They have also been able to relate well with suppliers, which is a very important thing with regard to the fact that it determines how successful a business is going to be in the market. Economies of scale The other competitors are well established and have achieved higher economies of scale, which Roxe Apparel will not be able to reach in its initial months. This will mean that they will be able to compete more strongly in the market. As Briscoe (1971) argues, economies of scale are important for any business in the clothing industry because this is the only way to beat the market challenges. Customer service Most of the competitors rate very lowly in this respect and cannot make their customers happy. This is because most of them are large firms and therefore find it harder to create useful customer service. Large firms are also quite old, which increases the risk that they have not evolved enough to apply the concepts appropriate to the modern business environment (Kotter, 1998).

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poverty - Essay Example The cultural concept of the ‘American dream’ is threatened by the concept of poverty. The behavioral poverty theory blames people for their impoverished state. 50.2 Million people are in a food insecure household which represents 23.3% of all children. Conservatives, in order to cut social programs, demonized the poor and classified them as immoral through anecdotal myths. Clients Name Name of Professor Name of Class Date Poverty in America The United States was founded on the ideology of equality, although much of that equality took decades, even centuries, to come close to achieving. The nation is still a work in progress, a continuing social experiment that has the potential to reach a state of enlightened social construction. However, one of the core principles that has framed the ideology of the country has been the principle of the â€Å"American dream†. This dream is based upon the idea that through the freedoms that have been established through law and th rough the beliefs that have become ingrained within the culture, every person can find success. However, while opportunity does exist, the paths to opportunity are fraught with obstacles that not everyone can endure. Poverty has become an obscenity against the concept of â€Å"the land of opportunity† to the point that in some instances it has been criminalized. Cultural belief systems have made it a state of moral decay as well as financial Because of the cultural discourse on poverty, the needs of those who have suffered so many losses that recovery is next to impossible without assistance are so poorly addressed that recovery from poverty is near impossible. In the 1970s and 1980s, a shift was seen in the way that the public considered the state of poverty. In the1980s when Ronald Reagan took the office of the President of the United States, one of his goals was to change the way in which the welfare system addressed the issue of poverty. The amount of resources that were devoted to public assistance were considered too high by the conservatives and reframing the nature of poverty seemed to be the best recourse in lowering the amount of money spent on social services. Therefore, the concept of behavioral poverty was invented which was a theory that looked at the behavior of individuals as being responsible for their financial position rather than socio-economic problems that needed to be addressed. Behavioral poverty outlines a series of behaviors that are connected to being poor. Three behaviors were identified as being central to combating poverty and the behaviors that lead to poor financial resources: â€Å"completing high school, once an adult, get married and stay married (even if not on the first try), and stay employed, even at a wage and under conditions below their ultimate aims† (Stoesz 70). The foundational belief, however, is that the way to combat poverty is to go back to work. Therefore, in order to support this belief system, t he government constructed guidelines and requirements that must be followed in order to qualify for welfare in order to promote a return to work for those who are suffering from impoverished conditions (Stoesz 71). New Paternalism is a set of social policies that are intended as â€Å"a prescription for alleviating behavioral poverty. If the poor suffered from poverty other than absence of cash, and this was attributed to volition, the a logical policy outcome would be to

How does the portable smart phones or computers make easy for doctors Essay

How does the portable smart phones or computers make easy for doctors to not be on the sceen but still assist nurses, EMT's, etc - Essay Example Boone 13). Through technological advancement, the treatment may be conducted through communication being that some of the required treatment gadgets are available within the health centre. Through online doctoral services surgical operations maybe done by the doctor online or the instructions maybe received through online services being that the nurse may not be able to withhold all the instructions that maybe given through online calls (Chayko 18). Through the introduction of PDA, I phones, 3 & 4 G devices an online doctor should be able to give I instruction to the nurse being that this is the same procedure that the nurse assists the doctor to perform (Wang 04). Education Through smart phones and computers doctors are able to carry out online trainings on how to handle specific procedure within the health institutions so that there would be reduction in number of doctors within the health centers at the same time while there are other patients suffering in different places over th e world. Due to clarity of pictures and sound, the doctors can accurately convey treatment information within the shortest time possible so that immediate action be taken to salvage the patient’s health status that could have worsen leading to more complications (Gary B. Shelly 34). Early treatment is better regardless of how scary it maybe, doctors believe in performing first aid before hospitalizing any patient who sufferers from accidents and severe injuries which are likely to lead to blood wastage which could lead to instant death. In the five forces model representing the operations in a health centre, we consider utilizing the buyer branch of the model in order to compare the Monash health centre to other health centers in connection with the use of smart phones and computer in distance diagnostics (Karl Barksdale 38). In order to outdo the competitors in the medical field, Health centre has involved the services of virtual doctors who are cheap compared to hiring a do ctor to come to the hospital. However, in order to perfectly test the online services, it happened by coincidence that the qualified doctor in the specified field was away, being that we had anticipated such situations; the doctor was contacted through phone (Gary B. Shelly 42). The challenge that our competitors in the medical field are not able to catch up with is the purchasing of online communication and diagnostic gadgets that are able to encored information, process and decode the output in then language that a doctor can understand. This has greatly helped the company despite the high cost involved in purchasing the gadget (Chayko 20). Smart gadgets Through availability of wireless network cards doctors are able to communicate with the nurses through both voice and data so as to elaborate the procedure well that the interpreter may not forget about the information that is sent both through voice and data. Through submission of both online movies and book reviews. The video ch art programs are well illustrated to ascertain that the information to be conveyed (Louis E. Boone 49). Through the clear pictures it would be possible to sit as we wait so that water drains out of the labella that had battery. The reason behind the preference of computers and smart phones is that they have a lot of good pictures and audio sounds. Through the involvement of smart phones and computer is also influenced by the quality of information being conveyed

A Case of Mistreatment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Case of Mistreatment - Term Paper Example Moreover, I will also look at the long-term effects of gender differences to the way they handle new situations and environments. The various new situations and environment that I have decided to discuss are new workplace, new residential place, new social places, and new schooling environments. As shown by my previous paper genders differ in various aspects. There are either psychological differences, social differences or even biological differences. Psychological difference includes gender stereotype, the size of memory, activities they engage, physical activeness, vulnerability, degree of anxiety and degree of empathy (Sigelman and Rider 1). According to Worell (281), Gender stereotype is the psychological traits believed to be more characteristic in one sex than the other and can include verbal skills, mathematical ability and technological ability. Social differences on the other hand include gender roles and their interaction ability. As Parke and Clarke-Stewart (333) states, the biological differences between males and females result due to genetic factors, evolution differences, differences in hormonal functions and differences in their brain functioning. As my previous work show, different aspects of life shape differences. Most of them result from our cultural bel ieves and society’s values. These two plays a very big role in determining how people of a specific gender should behave and how their other counterpart should behave in certain situations. Culture also defines the responsibility of a specific gender and draws gender boundaries. As my previous paper also shows, another factor that molds gender behavior thus resulting to gender differences is the orientation of the person. During their upbringing boy and girls are brought up differently thus making them to differ in term of their reactions to situation and other aspects of life. Some of the results of gender differences as indicated by my previous work are a difference in behavior patterns, choice of actions, preference professions and emotions handling and expression. Another difference is revealed by how the two groups create and maintain relationships. Because of this, the challenges encountered by females differ greatly from the challenges encountered by their male counter parts. This also makes the life strategies used by individual in the either side of the divide very different and in addition makes the adaptability ability to differ from one gender to another. This is what made me conclude in my previous paper that there is a significant difference in term of how males and females reacts and handles different aspects of life. However, my previous work contained some limitations since the research was done to a particular age group of people to achieve a generalized conclusion. In my previous work, I used children aged between 6 years and 13 years whose characteristics might differ greatly from that of their adult counterparts. There were also intra gender differences that showed to bring significant effect to my findings like the personal identity and age of a person. Throughout life, different people encounter different new environments. The first new environment is encountered as a child when one starts going to school or when one is transferred to a new school. Moreover, as the curriculum requires, you have to move to new schools as you advance in education thus encountering new environments. The process of encountering new environments does not end with childhood. As an adult, after completing your education you start to work. That company or organization that you start your career in is definitely a new environment. This is not the sole place that

The slacker genre and post-modern condition in the films Before Essay

The slacker genre and post-modern condition in the films Before Sunrise and Before Sunset - Essay Example Instead, it adopts a 'scatter-brained' narrative style, characterized by frequent shifting of focus from one character to another, seemingly at random. But behind this apparent chaos is an orchestrating directorial mind at work. (Jardine, 2010) And its appeal is not easy to grasp at the outset. The postmodern basis of the genre is also evident in the apparent moral apathy of the characters in the film. In Slacker and other movies of the genre such as Mutual Appreciation and The Puffy Chair what's at play is youthful resistance to social conformity and discipline. By not assimilating themselves into the corporate world of work and by assuming a casual (bordering on lethargic) attitude to everyday existence, the characters in the film show irreverence toward the concept of work ethic. This attitude is also evident in Before Sunrise and Before Sunset, albeit manifest in a more sophisticated manner. The apparent lack of values and virtues should not be evaluated using prevailing social n orms (or their representations on-screen). Instead, seen from a post-modern stance, there are indeed virtues and values in the choices and actions of the slackers. An acquaintance with the writings of influential post-modern philosopher Frederic Nietzsche and his formulation of morality, virtue and value will elucidate and help appreciate the beauty behind the film's amoral universe. Also, another definitive character of the slacker genre, which both the movies exemplify, is the lack of materialistic ambition on part of the male protagonist. As Linklater observes in one of his interviews, this attribute of the slacker is meant to have positive connotations. The dialogues written for Jesse certaininly capture this spirit, making his character stand out from the express heroism of typical Hollywood fare. In Before Sunrise, the two lead roles are played by Ethan Hawke (Jesse) and Julie Delfy (Celine). Their chance meeting in a train from Budapest leads them to spending the night walkin g the streets of Venice and talking about love, life, politics and beyond. What makes their conversation exceptional is the broad range of topics they touch upon – something which conventional Hollywood fare cannot afford to have. In this context, it helped Linklater's cause that he was a self-taught director, â€Å"Luckily, this means that no one ever taught him to rely on the cliches and emotional manipulations of most Hollywood romances. We’ve become so used to the shorthand version, even in good films, that we no longer notice what we’re missing. These days it usually goes something like this: cue the song on the soundtrack, played over a montage sequence of three or four inter-cut activities—laughing over dinner, talking animatedly while strolling through the park, maybe a cute messy food fight. In short, a music video. (The Naked Gun serves up the definitive parody, if one were even needed.) Before Sunrise lapses into this mode briefly only once, b ut earns it, since the segment immediately follows the film’s most delicately observed scene, the play of glances in the record listening booth.† (Syngle, 2004) The irony lies in the fact that as against derogatory usage of the term 'slacker', these two twenty-somethings come across as thoughtful, perceptive, politically aware and have their own rational philosophies of life. Based on these qualities, the audience is forced to re-evaluate negative connotations of slacking. Herein lies the artistry of