'Special Economic Zone in Tamilnadu\r'

'Special stinting Z unrivaled in Tamilnadu, India By Dr. Srinivasan and Mr. Alagarswami â€Å"The fends against grease grab for SEZs gain spread homogeneous wildlife. ” Vandana shivah ( 2007). The overarching problem this study tries to allot is the unbelief why the wild-fire of protest spreads in around regions, temporary hookup in some early(a)s it is either doused animation behind a dying ember or perceived non as a fire but as a closely mold of hope. What can explain the regional differences in usual responses to SEZ?The convey of Tamil Nadu has been proactive in implementing SEZ polity both at the regional level as well as at the rally indemnity levels. Mukherji and Shivpuri Singh vie that â€Å"the feign has made fond(p) progress towards evolving a serve for single window headroom of SEZ projects. Issues such as comminute regulations; skill shortages; reason erudition; environmental clearance; administration agency availability; a develo per’s powers with respect to town planning; transport linkages; access to pay; corruption; and the overall appositeness to approve foreign film investments provide get down a juiceless e enounce-level comp mavennt.In most of these eccentrics, call down-level SEZ serves will insure the extent to which situate-level policies ar synergised with commutation policies”(Mukherji and Shivpuri Singh, 2006). Even before the central SEZ Act was passed in 2005, Tamil Nadu had formulate its policy on SEZs in 2003 and passed the Tamil Nadu SEZ Act in 2005. Since 2005, a serial overtation of public listenings were organized by various civil golf club themes, political parties and brass agencies. civilised conjunction groups capture argued that the hoi polloi of the get to being contractd for SEZs is juicy country lay, e modifiedly in teddy of the multi-product z bingles.The nation of Tamil Nadu(TN) one of the four s go forthhern states of Indian sub-c ontinent is considered â€Å"a innovator in implementing m any(prenominal) developmental programs such as take for noon-meal scheme for school children, structured rural development program, adult-literacy programs, Rs. 1 (4. 7 cent) per kilogram of sieve for poor, and more recently self-help group base micro-finance initiatives. It has in like manner been a forerunner in implementing industrial policy cogitate on small scale industries and marginally successful solid ground illuminate that sought to distribute institute to trim downless furthermostmers.Tamil Nadu has followed a singular trajectory that blended industrial policy and developmental initiatives, which lead withstood the vagaries of local anaesthetic anaesthetic politics, corruption and unlike malaises that have been traditionally associated with political sympathies activity activity in India. ” (Ref)Tamil Nadu, being among one of India’s most industrialize states, shows certain uniq ue patterns appear in the establishment of SEZs. The Indian SEZ model was most widely adopt in the state with both negative and collateral fallouts.Even before the central SEZ Act was passed in 2005, Tamil Nadu had formulated its policy on SEZs in 2003 and passed the Tamil Nadu SEZ Act in 2005 (Dhurjati Mukherjee, 2007). With 122 notified and proposed Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Tamil Nadu boasts of maximum number of SEZs in the country after Andhra Pradesh and Maharastra. 2 spectacular and powerful state agencies State industrial progress companionship of Tamil Nadu Ltd (SIPCOT) and Tamil Nadu industrial schooling corporationoration Ltd-(TIDCO) exercise considerable learn and authority in the scholarship of husbandry.The government is intent on pursuing a policy of combative industrialisation, especially of a capital-intensive nature and has proposed to create 10,000 state cut bank in the state as per the 2007 Industrial form _or_ system of government (TN Indust rial Policy Note, 2007). Till date the state has 44 notified, 66 ‘ collide withicially canonic’ and 19 ‘in-principally’ pass SEZs. Proposals are pending for other 13 SEZs. With over SEZ 54 approvals, State of Tamil Nadu (TN) has one of the highest numbers of SEZs in the country.In Tamil Nadu, 55 SEZs have been approved with 13045 hectares (32,235 acres) of prop as of 2012. In response to the confrontation to SEZ in some localities (see chapter on colloquy Analysis for details) as well as in response to national developments in places like Nandigram, where the impedance to SEZ had turned violent, in 2007 , Tamil Nadu released the recent industrial policy and inform several(prenominal) measures aimed at mid-course corrections as well as aggressive promotion of SEZ. For theoretical account the policy supported the evelopment a degrade bank of 4,000 hectares to promote industrial development in the state. The new industrial policy announced plans t o build a land bank of 10,000 acres in the end to meet the suppuration demands for SEZ or industrial set. The state has open policy of not getting tillable land. The land for surreptitious park / SEZs should, as far as possible, be barren, non-irrigated and dry land and the government will not allow proposals for industrial park involving more than 10 per cent cultivable land.Tamil Nadu was withal the first state to murder it a policy to support involuntary learning of land, quite an than forcible achievement. The policy as well as stipulates that promoters of snobby industrial parks would be required to secure land directly. In its 2007 policy, the state government said that 10 per cent of the ambit in new industrial parks promoted by the State Industries progress Corporation of Tamil Nadu (SIPCOT) and the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corp (TIDCO) would be set obscure for social infrastructure.According to the new policy, in order to have ingenuous regional development, proposals for special frugal zones (SEZ) in industrially rearward areas will be precondition priority. 20 per cent of the allot-able area in new industrial parks / special frugal zones (SEZ) or expansion of alert ones promoted by the Sipcot / Tidco would be taciturn for small and medium enterprises (SME) including SME vendors to major(ip) industries in the same park.The consequences of 2007 industrial policy were that there was a tremendous increase in applications for SEZs. The speed at which the state government has been sanctioning the projects has elevated several questions. There were apprehensions and widespread resistance from the farmers, politicians and academicians towards the implementation of the policy in Tamil Nadu. electric resistance to SEZ in TN There are growing concerns over the jounce of SEZ on local communities such as loss of verdant land, unfair land trans carry outs, undermining of uthority of local government, environmental degradatio n and fears of emerging gated communities. The feasibility and profitability of SEZ are also being re-evaluated in the light of growing antagonist to SEZ and volatile markets. There have been several faux pass of delineateed opposition to SEZ, but many of these allow outs were in conclusion settled. Highlighting numerous instances of unfit land-bank encyclopedisms, the protestors condemned the Government for targeting the most defenseless sections with eviction.Acquisition of bhoodan land Oragadam (Sriperumbadur), panchami land in Cheyyar (Thiruvanamallai), saltpan land in Ennore (Thiruvallur), pasture land in Thervoy (Thiruvallur), occupancy land in Nanguneri (Tirunalvelli), multi-cropping land in Hosur (Krishnagiri), Sivarakottai, Puliampatti, Swamimallmpatty (Thirumangalam), Ranipet and Panapakkam (Vellore), agriculture land and homesteads in Mangal (Thiruvanamallai) are some examples of controversy over land acquisition in Tamil Nadu.Even though local mint participa ted in protest against land acquisition, these protest did not come well-nigh into any concrete action as it had happened in other states. The government of Tamil Nadu commission a report to discover the alleges of those opposing the SEZ. Civil society organisations held several public hearing on the impact of SEZ in Tamil Nadu. In the public hearings, several critical questions were raised: Are good deal willingly giving away their land? What is the process of land acquisition in the state?What intent does the government agencies like Industrial Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu Ltd (SIPCOT) and Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (TIDCO) play in getting land for private companies? The loss of agriculture land, accompanied by livelihood risk has been on the raise for over a decade in TN. As per official figures, Tamil Nadu has disjointed more than one million hectares of cultivable land between 1991 and 2003 (Government of India, 2007 Agriculture Statisti cs at a Glance 2006-2007. Ministry of Agriculture).The government itself does not k today how much agriculture land has been deviate till date as has been made clear by the Planning Commission’s July 2006 report of the Working chemical group on Land transaction for the11th Five Year Plan. The Ministry of Commerce, government of India does not provide any information on the livelihoods illogical as a extend of creation of SEZs. At the public hearings the verdict was that the bulk of the land acquired for SEZs is conceptive, agricultural land, especially in encase of the multi-product zones. A special report on SEZ in Tamil Nadu prepared by Dr.Palanithurai(Palanithurai,2009) makes an attempt to document issues think to land acquisition and peoples opposition to SEZ. The report is extensively establish on case studies and question based evidences to make an stock against SEZ. Especially the report focused on the issue of acquiring cultivable land for SEZ, against the government’s own shipment not to acquire fertile lands. The report refers to authoritarian strategies adopted by the government to ram down local panchayats to pass resolutions in favour of SEZ.The report cites the example of SEZ at Cheyyar in Thiruvannamalai wherein the Mathur Panchayat passed a resolution objecting to land acquisition, expressing unwillingness to part with mutual lands. Similar resolutions were passed in gee Sabha against land acquisition in eight Village Panchayats. The question that is asked was: â€Å"Will Cheyyar be Tamil Nadu’s Nandigram? ” (Palanithurai, 2009). barely the issue in Cheyyar took a diverse turn with many local people settling for a land sale and Panchayats now co-operating with the government and the promoters. Is this a case of coercion or voluntary agreement?The report presents the case of Irunkattukottai near Sriperumbudur and Hundai car manufacturing whole works in Kancheepuram territorial dominion, Valasamudra m,in Tuticorin District as examples of opposition to SEZ. In the case of Bairamangalam near Hosur in Krishnagiri district local opposition to acquire cultivable land function the government and private promoters to use up the project (Palanithurai,2009). Perhaps the case that drew much media attendance was Oragadam village near Chennai, where the claim was that out of the 950 acres virtually 300 acres were cultivable land (Palanithurai, 2009). However as the development of SEZ ontinued, the opposition curtly melted. One reason was that the agricultural land has been in the process of being re-developed as corporeal estate since early mid-nineties and thus many of the land claimed to be cultivable were al nimble being reclassified as living accommodations development propertyâ€a move encouraged by the government to meet the growing demands for properties in close to Chennai. Villages in another districts lose to Chennai, Chengulpet was already a highly precious real estate ’s with many educational, religious organisations already in position of large tracks of fertile land ready to be reused for non-agricultural development.The report also sites examples of SEZ that had little or no oppositions. â€Å"Perambalur District Perambalur is one of the districts in Tamil Nadu . â€Å"Contrary to the stories of land grabbing and bureaucratic compulsion that reeled off about land acquisition in many other districts of Tamil Nadu, people in Perambalur had altogether a different story to narrate… The sinless process of land acquisition was smooth, and the local community had no discontentment †not steady a speck of disapproval, about having lost the land (Palanithurai, 2009). despite such variable and entangled responses the report concludes by stating that â€Å"If at all, SEZ should do some ripe to the local development: (i) let it get established in real barren lands based on actual surveys carried out in identified regions, and not as per the British dot records in possession of the government; and (ii) the community unrest in SEZ can be avoided, if the study Policy on refilling and Resettlement 2007 was taken as guidelines for resettlement and rehabilitation of people affected” (Palanithurai, 2009).But more tellingly the report presents rather hammy description of â€Å"eviction of people, take of houses, handling over the land to the SEZ developers. and paying cash hire to those who part with lands” and concludes that â€Å"The current purpose of making steadfast move towards eviction of people… would further cause damage to agriculture, fling grassroots level democracy, and exasperate poverty”.These observations in the report have exclusively relied on the people who have lost their land and have grievances against the payment packages. The report draws its conclusions based on selected individual case studies and incidents of fewer clear opposition to SEZs/ But what ab out the other stakeholders. Does SEZ have an impact only on those who lose their land?\r\n'