Liquid Permeability of Porous Media Free Essays

string(44) Elevated Pressure Test choice is selected. 1. 0Summary This investigation is led to decide the fluid penetrability of permeable media. The contraption utilized in the trial is the fluid permeameter. We will compose a custom exposition test on Fluid Permeability of Porous Media or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The fluid utilized in this examination is water. Three film tests of various thickness (0. 1, 0. 2, 0. 3 cm) are utilized as the permeable media. The assurance of the penetrability is completed utilizing raised weight test. Each example is tried for multiple times at various estimations of weight slope which are 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 psi. So as to acquire progressively exact information, guarantee that the layer tests to be test is fixed firmly and spreads the o-ring of the example chamber totally. Estimations of volumetric stream rates are gotten from the mechanical assembly itself. For pressure angle of 5 psi and 30 psi, the normal porousness for PP1 film test are 0. 23993 cm2 @ 2. 33993? 10-5 m2 and 0. 096196 cm2 @ 9. 6196? 10-6 m2 individually. For PP3 layer test, the normal porousness are 0. 52692 cm2 and 0. 19841 cm2 for pressure slope of 5 psi and 30 psi. For PP5 layer test, the normal porousness are 1. 0541 cm2 and 0. 29489 cm2 for pressure inclination of 5 psi and 30 psi. The estimations of penetrability got are then thought about by plotting diagrams of volumetric stream rate over cross sectional (q/An) against pressure angle over thickness (? P/L). The slope of the straight line from the chart is  µ/k. For PP1 test film, the porousness acquired from the diagram is k= 0. 000148 m2 for ? P=5psi and k= 0. 000062 m2 for ? P= 30 psi. Porousness got from the diagram is contrasted and ones acquired from the fluid permeameter mechanical assembly. Reynolds number for the tests at ? P=5psi is 5. 3913? 10-5 and for ? P= 30 psi is 1. 1147? 10-4. Laminar stream conditions exist so that Darcy’s condition is pertinent. 2. 0 Introduction When liquid courses through a medium, the stream is influenced by the property of the medium that permits the progression of the liquid through it. The property of the medium is called porousness. Porousness which is represented as k is the proportion of the capacity of a medium to move liquids. Penetrability influences stream procedures of liquids. A powerful stream procedure can happen if the porousness of the medium where the liquids go through is high. Idea of porousness is significant in the oil and gas industry in which the penetrability normal for rocks are resolved so as to extricate oil and gas from the subsurface repository. For instance, sandstones are porous and can transmit liquid viably. This kinds of stones had huge and many associated pores. They may content high amount of oil. Shales and siltstones made out of fine grains and have less associated pores making them be less porous or impermeable. Penetrability of a medium can be effectively decided from hardware with high innovation. It is critical to know the elements or segment which may influence penetrability so as to demonstrate or build the porousness. This may benefits the business which includes extraction forms. Exploratory outcomes are significant on the grounds that to expand the proficiency of procedures including penetrability it is reliant on the information or results. 3. 0 Aims/Objectives The examination is led to goal of this test is to decide the porousness of the permeable media, to make conditions so that Darcy’s condition can be utilized and to think about the normal penetrability for various weight inclination and sorts of tried examples just as to relate penetrability with different parts of Darcy’s condition. 4. 0 Theory Permeability is property of the permeable medium and is a proportion of the capacity of the medium to permit liquids to go through it. Penetrability idea is broadly used to decide the stream qualities of hydrocarbonsâ inâ oilâ andâ gasâ reservoirs. Medium or rocks that have high penetrability can permit liquids to go through it in enormous amount after some time. This is shown structure high volumetric stream rate. To evaluate penetrability, accept that there is a medium with cross-sectional region (An) and thickness (L). A liquid of dynamic consistency ( µ) is permitted to move through the medium. The adjustment in pressure that happens during the stream is ? P and the volumetric stream rate (q) is the measure of liquid that can course through the medium over some stretch of time regarding the ? P. Porousness (k) is identified with all the segments by the Darcy’s condition. Darcy’s condition: q=kA? P µL †¦.. (1) The SI unit for porousness, k is m2. Porousness is additionally estimated in Darcy, D. 1 D is roughly 10-12m2. Components influencing penetrability are layer dissolvability, weight, fixation and temperature of the particles or solutes. Porousness is additionally influenced by size of the atoms of the liquids that going through the medium. Darcy’s condition is substantial for any Newtonian liquids and is just relevant for laminar stream. The laminar stream is constantly accomplished by groundwater however not generally accomplished by gas streams. Laminar stream can be dictated by processing the Reynolds number of the stream. Re= ? vD µ 5. 0 Apparatus I. Fluid permeameter contraption ii. Fluid hose iii. Yellow chip pullers iv. Films of various thickness, 0. 1, 0. 2 and 0. 3 cm v. Water 6. 0 Procedures I. 3 film tests of various thickness (0. 1, 0. 2, 0. 3cm) are readied. The examples are cut greater than the o-ring with the goal that they will cover the ring totally and to guarantee impeccable fixing. ii. The fluid hose connected to the example chamber cover is detached. The cover is unscrewed and evacuated. The chamber supplement and connector plates are taken out. The o-rings is checked for dryness. iii. Under Group on the fundamental CapWin menu, another gathering is made by tapping on New Group. iv. Under Execute on the principle CapWin menu, Autotest F2 is chosen. Autotest settings screen is opened. Test Type is clicked and Liquid Permeametry is chosen from the Test Selection box. At that point, Elevated Pressure Test choice is chosen. You read Fluid Permeability of Porous Media in classification Papers v. At the Autotest screen, a few data are entered in. The fields are as underneath. Yield File Name-client assigned End User-client assigned Test Reference-Liquid Permeametry; Elevated Pressure Test Sample ID-client assigned Lot Number-client assigned Operator-client assigned Fluid-Water Surface Tension Diameter-3cm for every one of the 3 examples Thickness-0. 1, 0. 2, 0. 3 cm vi. Done on the Autotest screen is clicked. ii. The screened connector plate is put in the base of the example chamber. The plate is adjusted on three chamber pins. The example is put on the highest point of the screened plate. The o-ring of the screened plate is checked with the goal that it seals against the example. Top connector plate is place on the example chamber. viii. The chamber embed is put into the chamber. The supplement ought not be lower than the example chamber tallness. ix. Start Test button is clicked. Beginning weight, most extreme weight, point step pressure, greatest hold up among focuses and greatest number of focuses are entered in. Proceed with button is clicked after each worth has been entered. . Test chamber is loaded up with water. The cover is in a bad way and hand-fixed. Fluid fill hose with brisk interface fitting is connected to the example chamber top. xi. Snap Ok on the Autotest screen and the test is begun. xii. At the point when the test has finished, a Test Done discourse box showed up and clicked Ok. xiii. Test outcomes might be seen and dissected utilizing CapRep. Select Report from the principle CapWin menu and tapped on Execute Report to get to the information from the test. xiv. Steps (iii) to (xiii) are rehashed for various weight slope (10, 15, 20, and 30) and two different examples with thickness 0. 2 cm and 0. 3 cm. 7. 0 Result For PP1 test with distance across, d= 3cm and thickness, L= 0. 1cm. Differential Pressure (psi)| Average Permeability| 5| 0. 23993| 10| 0. 17461| 15| 0. 13315| 20| 0. 11792| 30| 0. 096196| For PP3 test with breadth, d= 3cm and thickness, L= 0. 2cm. Differential Pressure (psi)| Average Permeability| 5| 0. 52692| 10| 0. 36709| 15| 0. 33807| 20| 0. 26133| 30| 0. 19841| For PP5 test with distance across, d= 3cm and thickness, L= 0. 3 cm. Differential Pressure (psi)| Average Permeability| 5| 1. 0541| 10| 0. 70806| 15| 0. 50627| 20| 0. 37001| 30| 0. 29489| 8. 0 Calculations I) PP1 test with measurement, d= 3cm and thickness, L=0. cm at ? P= 5psi. From the plotted chart, q/An against ? P/L, a straight line acquired gives an angle of 0. 148. From the slope of chart, we can figure the penetrability, k. Slope = y2-y1x2-x1 = 4-127-6. 9 = 0. 148 Gradient = kâ µ 0. 148 = k0. 001 Pa. s , k = 0. 000148 m2 @ 1. 48? 10-4 m2 The penetrability, k got from the CapWin programming is 0. 23993 cm2 @ 2. 33 993? 10-5 m2. ii) PP1 test with distance across, d= 3cm and thickness, L=0. 1cm at ? P= 30psi. From the plotted diagram, q/An against ? P/L, a straight line got gives a slope of 0. 148. From the slope of chart, we can register the penetrability, k. Angle = y2-y1x2-x1 = 12-6195-98 Gradient = kâ µ 0. 062 = k0. 001 Pa. s , k = 0. 000062 m2 @ 6. 2? 10-5 m2 The penetrability, k acquired from the CapWin programming is 0. 096196 cm2 @ 9. 6196? 10-6 m2. iii) Calculations of Reynolds number At ? P= 5 psi, q= 2. 5424? 10-6 m3/s, V= 1. 7971? 10-9m/s, ? =1000kg/m3 Re= ? VD µ=10001. 7971? 10-9(0. 03)0. 001= 5. 3913? 10-5 (laminar stream) At ? P= 30 psi, q= 5. 2564? 10-6 m3/s, V= 3. 7155? 10-9m/s, ? =1000kg/m3 Re= ? VD µ=10003. 7155? 10-9(0. 03)0. 001= 1. 1147? 10-4 (laminar stream) 9. 0 Discussion Permeability of PP1 test film at ? P = 5 psi and ? P = 30 psi are k = 0. 23993 cm2 @ 2. 33993? 10-5 m2 and k = 0. 096196 cm2 @ 9. 6196? 10-6 m2 individually. By plotting charts of q/An against ? P/L, the co